What is a HELOC?
A HELOC works like a credit card secured against your home. The lender approves you for a maximum credit line — typically up to ~85% of your home's value, minus your existing mortgage — and you can draw on that line as needed, usually over a 10-year "draw period." During the draw period, you typically pay interest only on what you've drawn. After the draw period ends, the loan converts to a "repayment period" where you pay back both principal and interest, usually over 10–20 years.
HELOCs almost always carry variable interest rates tied to the prime rate, which means your monthly payment can rise or fall over time. Approval requires full underwriting — strong credit (typically 680+), verified income, a low debt-to-income ratio, and at least 15–20% equity in the home.